Convergent encryption algorithm is generally used in deduplication cloud storage system, the data can be encrypted by using the hash value as the encryption key, so that the same data is encrypted to obtain the same ciphertext, and the deletion of the duplicate data can be realized, then through the Proof of oWnership (PoW), the authenticity of user data can be verified to protect data security. Aiming at the problem that the time overhead of Proof of oWnership (PoW) is too high, which leads to the degradation of the whole system performance, an efficient security method based on Bloom Filter (BF) was proposed to verify the user hash value and the initialization value efficiently. Finally, a BF scheme supporting fine-grained data deduplication was proposed. When the file level data was duplicated, the PoW was needed; otherwise, only partial block level data duplication detection was needed. The simulation experiment results show that, the key space overhead of the proposed BF scheme is lower than the classical Baseline scheme, and the time cost of the BF scheme is also lower than the Baseline scheme; and with the increase of data size, the performance advantage of BF scheme is more obvious.